This chapter investigates the effectiveness of wiki-based learning in the context of higher education. It presents a study which involved 139 first-year university students of a Greek Education Department who used wikis to learn about Web 2.0 and its applications in the context of an introductory ICT course. The study results show significant improvements in learning outcomes, both for students with low and high initial performance. In addition, it was found that students benefited from the activity regardless of their role in the project. Furthermore, students with a higher number of logged wiki edits had a significantly higher learning gain compared to those that were less active. These findings suggest that properly designed, framed wiki-based activities have great potential in higher education.